Radhakrishnan Commission (University Education Commission) 1948–49
The Radhakrishnan Commission, officially known as the University Education Commission, was established in 1948 under the chairmanship of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan to examine and improve the condition of higher education in India post-independence.
Objectives of the Commission
- Evaluate the state of university education in India.
- Recommend strategies for enhancing quality, relevance, and accessibility in higher education.
Key Recommendations
Aims of University Education
- Develop leadership in various spheres of life.
- Encourage intellectual curiosity and moral values.
- Promote democratic ideals and national development.
Curriculum Reforms
- Introduce liberal education and vocational subjects.
- Include moral and spiritual education to build character.
Teacher Development
- Improve working conditions, salaries, and training programs for university faculty.
- Ensure academic freedom and dignity of the teaching profession.
Research & Postgraduate Education
The Commission emphasized the need to encourage research and postgraduate studies to build academic excellence and innovation.
Language Policy
Recommended using regional languages as the medium of instruction, while retaining English as a link language temporarily.
University Autonomy
Highlighted the importance of granting academic and administrative autonomy to universities to promote creativity and innovation.
Examination Reforms
Suggested shifting from rote-based exams to internal assessments and semester-based systems.
Moral Education
Supported non-sectarian moral instruction for holistic development of students.
Establishment of UGC
Proposed the establishment of the University Grants Commission (UGC) to oversee funding, standards, and development of higher education. UGC was formally established in 1953.
Impact and Legacy
- Led to the formation of the UGC and laid the foundation for structured higher education reforms in India.
- Influenced national education policy and ongoing reforms for decades.
Conclusion
The Radhakrishnan Commission (1948–49) was a visionary step in shaping India's higher education. Its progressive recommendations continue to guide education policy, aiming to build a knowledgeable, ethical, and inclusive society.
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