Electric dipole : A pair of two equal and opposite charges seperated by a small distance is called an electric dipole.
Total charge on electric dipole = +q + (-q) = 0. However the charge on electric dipole is equal to the magnitude of either charge of the electric dipole
Examples of electric dipoles : Molecules of water $(H_{2}O)$ , ammonia $(NH_{3})$ , hydrochloric acid (HCL), carbon dioxide $(CO_{2})$, Sodium chloride (NaCl) , alcohal etc
Electric Dipole Moment :
Electric dipole moment of an electric dipole is defined as the product of the magnitude of either charge of the electric dipole and the dipole length.
$\vec{p} = q(2 \vec{l})$
The magnitude of the dipole moment is
$p = q \times 2l$
The direction of dipole moment $\vec{p}$ is from negative to positive charge.
Dipole moment is a vector quantity.
S.I unit of dipole moment $(\vec{p})$ is Coulomb metre (Cm)
Dimensional formula of dipole moment is $[M^{0}LTA]$